Various topical, oral, and injection-based cosmetic skin-lightening agents with different mechanisms of action are used widely across Asia, including hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, mulberry, alpha-arbutin, beta-arbutin, glutathione, licorice root, papaya, vitamin A (e.g., retinol), vitamin B (i.e., niacinamide), and vitamin C
ROS in the ovaries is mainly produced in the macrophages, leukocytes, and cytokines present in the follicular fluid
Although some free radicals on the periphery are eliminated directly, its vital to concentrate on the root causes of oxidative stress, such as mercury and POPs
Reduces Pigmentation: Glutathione helps reduce skin pigmentation by regulating the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase, which plays a key role in melanin production
Peptides preserve membrane fluidity and receptor function, which is important for sperm motility and oocyte signaling in fertilization, by repelling chain reactions in membrane lipids
Features include anti-aging, moisturizing, and SPF benefits
